| Comparison Item |
ZD-3A Automatic Potentiometric Titrator |
Conventional Manual Titration |
| Endpoint Detection |
Based on electrode potential measurement |
Often relies on visual indicators |
| Operation |
Manual or preset automatic operation |
Primarily manual |
| Result Display |
Direct LED digital display |
Often requires manual reading |
| pH Measurement |
Integrated pH measurement function |
Usually requires separate equipment |
| Operating Convenience |
Simplifies routine titration procedures |
More operator-dependent |
| Typical Applications |
Laboratory chemical analysis and water testing |
General-purpose chemical analysis |